ENDO ANUGRAH NAINGGOLAN, NPM 2203100052 (2026) OPTIMALISASI STERILISASI EKSPLAN TUNAS KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.) UNTUK PENANAMAN IN VITRO. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Labuhanbatu.
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Abstract
Kultur jaringan kakao memerlukan tahap inisiasi aseptik karena mikroorganisme yang terbawa pada permukaan atau berada di dalam jaringan dapat berkembang cepat pada media kaya nutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan persentase sterilitas dan kontaminasi akhir, waktu muncul kontaminasi (WMK), serta persentase kontaminan yang secara visual dikelompokkan sebagai jamur dan bakteri pada eksplan tunas kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) setelah perlakuan alkohol 40%, 50%, dan 60%. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Labuhanbatu, pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2026, meliputi tahap persiapan alat dan bahan, sterilisasi eksplan, inokulasi, pengamatan, dan analisis data. Percobaan terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan enam ulangan, dengan satu botol kultur berisi satu eksplan sebagai satu unit percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan sampai 8 hari setelah tanam (HST). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif; perbedaan proporsi steril diuji menggunakan uji exact Fisher–Freeman–Halton, sedangkan WMK dibandingkan secara eksploratif dengan uji Kruskal–Wallis. Persentase eksplan steril pada alkohol 40%, 50%, dan 60% berturut-turut sebesar 16,67%, 50,00%, dan 66,67%, sedangkan kontaminasi akhir sebesar 83,33%, 50,00%, dan 33,33%. Rata-rata WMK berturut-turut adalah 6,80; 7,33; dan 7,50 HST. Dari 10 unit yang terkontaminasi, tujuh unit (70%) menunjukkan karakteristik visual yang diduga sebagai bakteri dan tiga unit (30%) menunjukkan karakteristik visual yang diduga sebagai jamur. Hasil uji exact Fisher–Freeman–Halton menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan proporsi sterilitas antarperlakuan tidak nyata (p = 0,349), sedangkan hasil uji Kruskal–Wallis menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan WMK juga tidak nyata (p = 0,444). Alkohol 60% memberikan persentase sterilitas tertinggi dan kontaminasi terendah secara deskriptif pada kondisi penelitian, tetapi belum dapat dinyatakan sebagai konsentrasi optimum karena viabilitas dan pertumbuhan eksplan tidak diamati. Kata kunci : Kakao, Eksplan Tunas, Sterilisasi, Alkohol, Kontaminasi, Kultur In Vitro. ========================================================================================================== Cocoa tissue culture requires an aseptic initiation stage because microorganisms carried on the surface or present within the tissue can rapidly develop in nutrient rich culture media. This study aimed to determine the percentage of sterility and final contamination, the time of contamination onset (WMK), and the percentage of contaminants visually classified as fungi and bacteria in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) shoot explants following treatments with 40%, 50%, and 60% alcohol. The study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Labuhanbatu, from June to July 2026, including the preparation of equipment and materials, explant sterilization, inoculation, observation, and data analysis. The experiment consisted of three treatments with six replications, with one culture bottle containing one explant serving as one experimental unit. Observations were conducted for up to 8 days after planting (DAP). The data were analyzed descriptively; differences in sterility proportions were tested using the Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test, while the time of contamination onset was compared exploratively using the Kruskal Wallis test. The percentages of sterile explants treated with 40%, 50%, and 60% alcohol were 16.67%, 50.00%, and 66.67%, respectively, while the final contamination percentages were 83.33%, 50.00%, and 33.33%, respectively. The mean time of contamination onset was 6.80, 7.33, and 7.50 DAP, respectively. Of the 10 contaminated experimental units, seven units (70%) showed visual characteristics suspected to be bacterial contamination, while three units (30%) showed visual characteristics suspected to be fungal contamination. The Fisher Freeman–Halton exact test showed that the differences in sterility proportions among treatments were not significant (p = 0.349), while the Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the differences in the time of contamination onset were also not significant (p = 0.444). The 60% alcohol treatment resulted in the highest sterility percentage and the lowest contamination percentage descriptively under the conditions of this study. However, it cannot yet be considered the optimum concentration because explant viability and growth were not observed. Keywords : Cocoa, Shoot Explants, Sterilization, Alcohol, Contamination, In Vitro Culture.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Skripsi) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kakao, Eksplan Tunas, Sterilisasi, Alkohol, Kontaminasi, Kultur In Vitro. ================================== Cocoa, Shoot Explants, Sterilization, Alcohol, Contamination, In Vitro Culture. |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) S Agriculture > SB Plant culture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi > Agroteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email repository@ulb.ac.id |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Sep 2026 06:52 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Sep 2026 06:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ulb.ac.id/id/eprint/2736 |
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