OPTIMALISASI STERILISASI EKSPLAN TUNAS KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) UNTUK PENANAMAN IN VITRO

FRANSIUS SITINJAK, NPM 2203100060 (2026) OPTIMALISASI STERILISASI EKSPLAN TUNAS KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) UNTUK PENANAMAN IN VITRO. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Labuhanbatu.

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Abstract

Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang perbanyakannya secara konvensional melalui biji maupun stek batang menghadapi kendala berupa kapasitas multiplikasi yang rendah, kebutuhan lahan luas, dan proses yang memakan waktu lama (Avila-Victor et al., 2023). Kultur jaringan in vitro menjadi solusi alternatif untuk perbanyakan massal bibit unggul secara cepat dan seragam, namun keberhasilannya sangat bergantung pada tahap sterilisasi permukaan eksplan guna menekan kontaminasi mikroorganisme, khususnya bakteri endofit yang umum ditemukan pada tanaman berkayu tahunan (Leifert & Cassells, 2001). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi alkohol yang optimal dalam sterilisasi eksplan tunas kopi Arabika untuk penanaman in vitro. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga taraf konsentrasi alkohol, yaitu 20% (P1), 30% (P2), dan 40% (P3), masing-masing dengan enam ulangan, dan diamati selama 8 Hari Setelah Inokulasi (HSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase sterilitas eksplan pada P1 (16,67%) jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan P2 dan P3 (66,67%), meskipun hasil analisis ragam (ANOVA) menyatakan pengaruh perlakuan tidak nyata (tn). Peningkatan konsentrasi alkohol hingga 40% terbukti efektif mengeliminasi kontaminasi jamur hingga 0%, tetapi kontaminasi bakteri tetap bertahan sebesar 33,33%, diduga bersumber dari bakteri endofit sistemik. Rata-rata waktu munculnya kontaminasi (WMK) juga tertunda dari 5,8 HSI (P1) menjadi 7,5 HSI (P2 dan P3). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi alkohol 30% merupakan titik paling efisien secara biologis untuk sterilisasi eksplan tunas kopi Arabika, meskipun diperlukan strategi tambahan untuk mengatasi kontaminasi bakteri endofit yang persisten. Kata Kunci : Kopi Arabika, Kultur Jaringan, Sterilisasi Eksplan, Kontaminasi, Alkohol ================================================================================================== Coffea arabica L. is an economically important plantation commodity whose conventional propagation through seeds or stem cuttings faces constraints such as low multiplication capacity, extensive land requirements, and long propagation periods (Avila-Victor et al., 2023). In vitro tissue culture offers an alternative solution for rapid and uniform mass propagation of superior seedlings, yet its success strongly depends on the surface sterilization stage to suppress microbial contamination, particularly endophytic bacteria commonly found in woody perennial plants (Leifert & Cassells, 2001). This study aimed to determine the optimal alcohol concentration for sterilizing Arabica coffee shoot explants prior to in vitro culture. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three alcohol concentration levels, namely 20% (P1), 30% (P2), and 40% (P3), each with six replications, and observed for 8 Days After Inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the sterility percentage in P1 (16.67%) was markedly lower than in P2 and P3 (66.67%), although analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a non-significant treatment effect. Increasing the alcohol concentration to 40% effectively eliminated fungal contamination to 0%, while bacterial contamination persisted at 33.33%, presumably originating from systemic endophytic bacteria. The average time of contamination onset was also delayed from 5.8 DAI (P1) to 7.5 DAI (P2 and P3). This study concludes that a 30% alcohol concentration represents the most biologically efficient point for sterilizing Arabica coffee shoot explants, although additional strategies are needed to address persistent endophytic bacterial contamination. Keywords : Arabica Coffee, Tissue Culture, Explant Sterilization, Contamination, Alcohol

Item Type:	Thesis (Skripsi)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kopi Arabika, Kultur Jaringan, Sterilisasi Eksplan, Kontaminasi, Alkohol ================================ Arabica Coffee, Tissue Culture, Explant Sterilization, Contamination, Alcohol
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) S Agriculture > SB Plant culture
Divisions:	Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi > Agroteknologi
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email repository@ulb.ac.id
Date Deposited:	03 Sep 2026 07:23
Last Modified:	03 Sep 2026 07:23
URI:	http://repository.ulb.ac.id/id/eprint/2738

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