MIKKE APRIANI, NPM 2203100086 (2026) ANALISIS SIFAT BIOLOGI TANAH DIBAWAH TEGAKAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) DI PT ASAM JAWA TORGAMBA. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Labuhanbatu.
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the biological properties of soil under oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations at PT Asam Jawa Torgamba, South Labuhanbatu Regency, North Sumatra. The observed parameters included total bacterial population, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi, as indicators of soil biological fertility. The research was conducted from May to June 2026 using a random sampling method in two oil palm plantation blocks, namely 5-year-old and 10-year-old stands. Five soil sampling points were collected diagonally from each block, composited, and analyzed at the Soil Laboratory of Universitas Labuhanbatu. Microbiological analysis was carried out using the culture method on Nutrient Agar (NA), Ashby's medium, Pikovskaya Agar, and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The data were analyzed descriptively and subjected to an independent t-test to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the total bacterial population in the 10-year-old oil palm stand (38.5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) was higher than that in the 5-year-old stand (12.4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml). The populations of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were 2 × 10⁸ CFU/ml and 1.6 × 10⁸ CFU/ml, respectively, while the fungal population was identical at both sites, with 3 × 10⁶ CFU/ml. The population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria reached 7 × 10⁶ CFU/ml in the 10-year-old stand and 5 × 10⁶ CFU/ml in the 5-year-old stand. Although differences in the mean values were observed for several parameters, the t-test results indicated that all parameters were not significantly different (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the soil environmental characteristics at both study sites were relatively similar, thereby providing comparable conditions for the growth and activity of soil microorganisms. It can be concluded that the biological properties of the soil under oil palm plantations at PT Asam Jawa Torgamba were generally in good condition, as indicated by the high populations of soil microorganisms involved in organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the populations of soil microorganisms between the 5-year-old and 10-year-old oil palm stands. Keywords: Soil Biological Properties, Oil Palm, Soil Bacteria, Soil Fungi =============================================================================================== Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat biologi tanah di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di PT Asam Jawa Torgamba, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan, Sumatera Utara. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah total bakteri, jumlah bakteri penambat nitrogen, jumlah bakteri pelarut fosfat dan jumlah jamur, sebagai indikator kesuburan biologis tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei–Juni 2026 dengan menggunakan metode random sampling pada dua blok tanaman kelapa sawit, yaitu tegakan umur 5 tahun dan 10 tahun. Pada setiap blok diambil lima titik sampel secara diagonal, kemudian dikompositkan dan dianalisis di Laboratorium Tanah Universitas Labuhanbatu. Analisis mikrobiologi dilakukan menggunakan teknik kultur pada media Nutrient Agar (NA), Ashby's, Pikovskaya Agar, dan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji menggunakan uji t untuk mengetahui perbedaan antarperlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi total bakteri pada tegakan umur 10 tahun (38,5 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) lebih tinggi dibandingkan tegakan umur 5 tahun (12,4 × 10¹⁰ CFU/ml). Populasi bakteri penambat nitrogen masing-masing sebesar 2 × 10⁸ CFU/ml dan 1,6 × 10⁸ CFU/ml, sedangkan populasi jamur pada kedua lokasi sama yaitu 3 × 10⁶ CFU/ml. Populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat pada tegakan umur 10 tahun sebesar 7 × 10⁶ CFU/ml dan pada tegakan umur 5 tahun sebesar 5 × 10⁶ CFU/ml. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata pada beberapa parameter, hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa karakteristik lingkungan tanah pada kedua lokasi penelitian relatif seragam sehingga memberikan kondisi yang hampir sama bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sifat biologi tanah di bawah tegakan kelapa sawit di PT Asam Jawa Torgamba masih tergolong baik, ditunjukkan oleh tingginya populasi mikroorganisme tanah yang berperan dalam dekomposisi bahan organik, fiksasi nitrogen, dan pelarutan fosfat. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tegakan kelapa sawit umur 5 tahun dan 10 tahun terhadap populasi mikroorganisme tanah. Kata kunci: Sifat biologi tanah, Kelapa sawit, Bakteri, Jamur
| Item Type: | Thesis (Skripsi) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Soil Biological Properties, Oil Palm, Soil Bacteria, Soil Fungi==============Sifat biologi tanah, Kelapa sawit, Bakteri, Jamur |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QK Botany S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) S Agriculture > SB Plant culture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi > Agroteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email repository@ulb.ac.id |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2026 03:46 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2026 03:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ulb.ac.id/id/eprint/2751 |
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